Delivered in a presentation meeting by Hosnul Wahid at Ijen-Geopark Bondowoso office. Every mountain has a story — not only of eruptions and rocks but of names, meanings, and memories that live among the people…
October 2025
The Civilization Beneath the Volcano (Part 5)
Delivered in a presentation meeting by Hosnul Wahid at Ijen-Geopark Bondowoso office. As we step into the next era after the great volcanic eruptions, the stones that once told stories of fire and creation now…
The Living Landscape: Geotourism, Hot Springs, and Coffee Farms of Ijen (Part 4)
Delivered in a presentation meeting by Hosnul Wahid at Ijen-Geopark Bondowoso office. Every stone tells a story — alive, ancient, and filled with memory. In Ijen, the rocks are not silent. They speak of time,…
The Ancient Lake and the Fiery Birth of Ijen (Part 3)
Delivered in a presentation meeting by Hosnul Wahid at Ijen-Geopark Bondowoso office. Before the great fracture occurred, the vast Ijen Caldera was once home to an ancient lake. At that time, the volcanic supply was…
From the Ancient Sea to the Rise of Volcanoes: The Birth of the Ijen Caldera (Part 2)
Delivered in a presentation meeting by Hosnul Wahid at Ijen-Geopark Bondowoso office. Roughly 30 million years ago, deep beneath what is now East Java, the earth began to move.The tectonic plates — those massive slabs…
Understanding Ijen Geopark: The Earth’s Story (Part 1)
Delivered in a presentation meeting by Hosnul Wahid at Ijen-Geopark Bondowoso office. “What is a Geopark?” A Geopark is a kind of geographical model — an area based on its geological characteristics. It can stand…